It is used extensively in canal construction and was employed in the cutting of the Panama Canal. The dipper dredge, also known as the boom-and-dipper assembly, is similar in appearance to a land power shovel. The material can then be lifted to the surface and discharged into a hopper for removal to a disposal area. When it sinks into the material to be dredged, its jaws close. The bucket is lowered to the bottom with its jaws open and pointing down. Each bucket has jaws that are hinged together. It consists of one or more grab buckets, operated by cranes mounted on a vessel or barge or sometimes on the shore. The grab dredge is used where the amount of excavation is relatively small. Modern dredging equipment may be divided into four main classes. The apparatus, operated from the side of a stationary barge, was dragged along the bottom and then emptied into the barge. The Dutch at an early period cleared their canals of silt with a pole to which was attached a bag held open by a steel ring. It is used to deepen waterways, harbors, and docks and for mining alluvial mineral deposits, including tin, gold, and diamonds. Dredging, process of excavating materials underwater.
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